What is IP address | How IP address Works | IP address structure with its ranges | Classful IP address

 What is IP address

An IP address is a unique global address for a network interface.

IP address is a 32 bit long indentifier.

Encodes a network number & a host number.

IP address structure with its ranges

IP address consist of four section.

Each section is 8 bits long.

Each section can range from 0 to 255.

Written for example, 128.35.0.72

5 classes of IP address A B C D  and E

Class A reserved for governments.

Class B reserved for medium companies.

Class C reserved for small companies.

Class D are reserved for multicasting.

Class E are reserved for future use.

Classful IP address

IP address structure consists of two Address, Network and Host.

IP address is divided into Five classes.

Class  A :-

Class A addresses are assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts.

The high-order bit in a class A address is always set to zero.

The next seven bits complete the network ID.

The remaining 24 bits represent the host ID.

Class B :- 

Class B addresses are assigned to medium sized to large sized networks.

The two high order bits in a class B address are always set to binary 10.

The next 14 bits complete the network ID.

The remaining 16 bits represent the host ID.

Class C :-

Class C addresses are used for small networks.

The three high order beats in a class c address are always Set 10 binary 1  1  0.

The next 21 bits complete the network ID.

The remaining 8 bits represent the host ID.

Class D & E :-

Class D addresses are reserved for IP multicast addresses.

The four high order bits  in a class D addresses are always set  to binary 1 1 1 0.

The remaining bits are for the address that interested   host recognise.

Class E is an experimental  addresses that  is reserved for future use.

The higher order bits in class E adress  are set to 1 1 1 1 .